Our study also found that after fungal infection, Dectin-1 affected the expression levels of phenotype-related factors (TNF-α, INOS, IL-6, IL-12, Arg-1, or IL-10) in M1 and M2-type macrophages through the regulation of MAPK signaling pathways, such as p38, JNK, and ERK. Here, TNF is linked to fungal infectious disease.