Possible mechanisms linking physical activity and cognitive function in diabetic patients: on the one hand, it may be due to the neurotoxicity of hyperinsulinemia, where increased insulin sensitivity after physical activity may favors neurogenesis and thus cognitive function (40); on the other hand, the energy expenditure associated with physical activity may reduce cognitive deficits resulting from insulin resistance through vascular mechanisms (41). Here, INS is linked to Hyperinsulinemia.