To address partial remission we adopted the remission criteria outlined by the After Diagnosis Diabetes Research Support System-2 (ADDRESS-2) and used the mid-point values of HbA1c and insulin dose from previous studies addressing remission; i.e. an HbA1c <53 mmol/mol (7.0%) and an insulin use ≤ 0.4 U kg-1 day-1 [11]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.