TNF and myeloid sarcoma: Magliozzi and colleagues identified increased expression of numerous cytokines and chemokines, including interferon gamma (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-22, CXCL13, and CXCL10, in the meninges and CSF of post-mortem MS cases with high levels of meningeal inflammation and GM demyelination (Magliozzi et al., 2018).