IL1B and Salmonella Infections: Among these 1074 genes, significantly downregulated genes were enriched in anti-inflammatory pathways, including Gpx1, Smad7, and Tgfb3, and significantly upregulated genes were enriched in infectious and inflammatory pathways, including Tnf, Il6, Il1β, Ptgs2, and Nos2, suggesting a potent antimicrobial response in infected macrophages (Figure 1C); as shown in a heatmap, many genes were upregulated following Salmonella infection (Figure 1D).