BRCA1 and cancer: The SIR, HR, and CR estimates in BRCA1/BRCA2 PV carriers may be inflated by surveillance bias, as cancer surveillance may be heightened after a positive BRCA1/BRCA2 PV test.20 The SIR estimates may be additionally prone to such bias owing to heightened surveillance in survivors of BC relative to the general population.20 In addition, the low nonbreast/ovarian/prostate SPC counts may mean some analyses were underpowered, particularly in males.