MMP9 and periodontitis: Meanwhile, the high expression levels of NLRP3, IL‐1β, and IL‐18 (Figure 1i) as well as those of IL‐6 and TNF‐α in Figure S1b (Supporting Information) revealed the activation of NLRP3‐mediated inflammasomes in the periodontium induced by F. nucleatum OMVs.[50] Additionally, we used immunofluorescence to detect enhanced expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9, which are important indicators of tissue degradation, in the periodontal zone of a rat periodontitis model induced by OMVs (Figure S2, Supporting Information).