The in vitro studies presented in Figures 2, 3 and the ex vivo analyses presented in Figures 5, 6 show that the direct effects of CXCL9 and CXCL10 include skewing of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell polarization into IFN-γhigh T cells, including IL17high CD4+ T cells (Th17) and IL17high CD8+ T cells (significant in the in ex vivo model), also known as Tc17 cells, which are thought to play a major role in combating cancer (38). Here, CXCL9 is linked to cancer.