Additionally, aberrant PDGFRβ signaling and its activation have been implicated in human meningioma, where PDGFRβ is constitutively activated, contributing to tumor growth and proliferation (Shamah et al., 1997); whereas, in atherosclerosis, PDGFRβ plays a crucial role in the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and neointimal formation which is a key process in the development of atherosclerosis (Sirois et al., 1997). The gene discussed is PDGFRB; the disease is atherosclerosis.