Kadilya established a rat model of otitis media and reported that kukoamine A could alleviate inflammation in rats by reducing the levels of inflammation-related cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in a dose-dependent manner [15]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and otitis media.