GAD1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: To assess the whole breadth of GAD responses in an epitope-agnostic way, we stimulated fresh PBMCs from 40 newly diagnosed T1D patients (3.2 ± 2.4 months since diagnosis) and 36 healthy donors (HD) with whole GAD protein and performed IFN-γ and IL-10 ELISPOT (Supplementary Fig. 1 and Supplementary Data file 1).