A frameshift mutation in the ATP13A2 gene has been identified as a cause of ANCL in certain dog breeds.[14] Currently, 14 NCL genes have been identified; however, it is unknown whether they act in common disease pathways.[15] A single gene mutation can present with different clinical subtypes, whereas the same clinical phenotype can be caused by different gene mutations. Here, NUCLEOLIN is linked to adult neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.