STAT3 and neoplasm: In HNSCC, activation of the Janus-activated kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, particularly involving STAT3 and STAT5, is closely associated with various oncogenic processes such as tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, immune evasion, treatment resistance, and unfavorable prognosis (Lai and Johnson, 2010).