TNF and hematocrit: Studies have indicated that serum concentrations of IL-6 are higher in patients with HT compared to normal individuals, and TNF-α exhibits cytotoxicity and inhibits cell growth in thyroid cells (Siemińska et al., 2010; Molaaghaee-Rouzbahani et al., 2023; Baki et al., 2012; Cani et al., 2022).