RAD50 and cancer: As shown in Figure 5F, nine genes, namely, TP53, PIK3CA, mTOR, AKT1, AKT2, BRCA1, PALB2, PBRM1, and RAD50 were the most frequent mutations detected in this study, which affected several cancer-related signaling pathways such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and homologous recombination pathway.