VEGFA and Hyperglycemia: As the micro-vascular pathology and damage in the capillary beds of the retina progresses, there will be resultant hypoxia of the retina due to lack of blood supply, hyperglycemia along with hypoxia lead to the release of cytokines, chemokines which result in inflammation and glial cell activation, and release of vascular growth factors most notably VEGF, to restore circulation by forming new vessels on the optic disc and elsewhere on the retina, in a process termed neovascularization [9].