Consistent with our in vitro findings, Gem-treatment, as a stressor, triggered the adaptive response characterized by increased nuclear Yap1 and high CXCL5 expression in cancer cells, upregulated stromal Cox2 and IGFBP2 (a fibroblast activation marker), and significantly more Ki-67-positive proliferating PDAC cells, all of which were markedly reduced by co-targeting Yap1 with PPIX and Cox2 with Cel (Supplementary Fig. S11d–i). This evidence concerns the gene GEM and cancer.