Most studies have demonstrated that P. distasonis conferred colonic protection in inflammatory bowel disease by increasing expressions of IL-10, TGF-β and tight junction protein (such as in six-week-old male A/J mouse models treated with different chow diets laced with P. distasonis or Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt (DSS)-induced BALB/c mice with oral treatment of P. distasonis) [77,78]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.