MAPK3 and neoplasm: To determine whether STIL-induced centrosome amplification contributes to squamous skin carcinoma formation, K14CRE-ERT2-STIL+/- mice were subjected to a classical two-stage skin carcinogenesis assay, in which a single topical application of a sub-carcinogenic dose of the chemical mutagen 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), which induces initiating HRAS mutations, is followed by multiple applications of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA; three times weekly for 20 weeks) following a standardized protocol [45].