Multivariate analysis confirmed the relationship between survivin levels and survival.[42] Kleinberg et al found that cytoplasmic survivin expression, as assessed by IHC, was associated with lower DFS in patients with breast cancer.[43] Adinew et al found that higher survivin expression, as assessed by IHC, in triple-negative breast cancer patients was linked to lower DFS and OS.[44] Span et al evaluated survivin expression using the quantitative PCR method and found that survivin mRNA concentrations in tumor tissue ranged from 10 to 14,000 copies. The gene discussed is BIRC5; the disease is neoplasm.