BIRC5 and breast carcinoma: Multivariate analysis confirmed the relationship between survivin levels and survival.[42] Kleinberg et al found that cytoplasmic survivin expression, as assessed by IHC, was associated with lower DFS in patients with breast cancer.[43] Adinew et al found that higher survivin expression, as assessed by IHC, in triple-negative breast cancer patients was linked to lower DFS and OS.[44] Span et al evaluated survivin expression using the quantitative PCR method and found that survivin mRNA concentrations in tumor tissue ranged from 10 to 14,000 copies.