For example, ISG15 and ISGylation is required for pancreatic cancer stem cell mitophagy and metabolic plasticity.33 ISGylation inhibits an LPS-induced inflammatory response via the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway in goat endometrial epithelial cells.34 However, the molecular functions and mechanisms of ISG15 and ISGylation in cartilage degradation remain unclear. The gene discussed is ISG15; the disease is pancreatic neoplasm.