In addition, the receptors of IL-1 family cytokines (such as IL-1 and IL-18 that have been shown to be increased in HP patients and contribute to enhanced Th17-type responses) share their signal transduction pathway with TLRs by utilizing MyD88 as the signaling adaptor (7, 45, 46). The gene discussed is MYD88; the disease is hypersensitivity pneumonitis.