CXCL11 and Granuloma: Previous studies indicated that IFNγ mediates expression and secretion of chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 in macrophages, resulting in the recruitment of CXCR3 bearing CD4+ Th cells and CD8+ Tc cells into the lung and granuloma formation in humans and mice (70, 91).