CD163+ M2 macrophages are involved in generating an immunosuppressive microenvironment that can express PD-L1 molecules to inhibit CAR-T therapy gains, whereas PD-L1 blockade combined with CAR-T cells can lead to the loss of CD163+ M2 macrophages via IFN-γ signaling, improving the anti-tumor activity of CAR-T cells (128). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is neoplasm.