In two trials of platinum-based drugs for treating tumors, either carboplatinum or teniposide activated the cGAS-STING pathway and its downstream classical STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway, as well as atypical STING-NF-κB signaling under certain conditions, enhancing the anti-tumor effect of PD-1 monoclonal antibodies in tumor immunity (108, 109). Here, IRF3 is linked to neoplasm.