The activated IRF3 dimer translocates to the nucleus and activates the transcription of type I interferon (IFN-I) and IFN-stimulated genes, promoting the cellular secretion of IFN-I (29).The most direct effect of IFN-I is to induce dendritic cell (DCs) maturation and mediate anti-tumor immunity (30). Here, IRF3 is linked to neoplasm.