TGFB1 and lung disorder: In previous studies, SerpinB3 was identified as a critical mediator of liver inflammation and fibrosis since it upregulates the expression of TGF-β1 in chronic liver and lung diseases (88, 89) and exerts a direct pro-fibrogenic action on human liver myofibroblasts in culture by strongly upregulating the expression of pro-fibrogenic genes (including collagen type 1A1, α-smooth muscle actin, TGF-β1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases type 1 or TIMP1) (90).