AR and diabetes mellitus: At a high concentration of glucose, 30% ofthe glucose enters into the polyol pathway, leading to the overproductionof sorbitol.10,11 Due to its hydrophilic nature,sorbitol cannot easily diffuse across the plasma membranes and accumulatesinside the cells in the various tissues, such as the lens, retina,kidney, and peripheral nerves, thus inducing osmotic stress, whichis associated with the complications of diabetes.12,13 Therefore, AR inhibitors play a crucial role in the pathogenesisof diabetic complications in various tissues.