INS and diabetes mellitus: Diabetes mellitus (DM)is a widespread, multifactorial chronichealth condition corresponding with prolonged high blood sugar levels.Type 2 DM (T2DM) is a noninsulin-dependent type of DM and is characterizedby defective insulin action associated with various complications,including cardiovascular diseases, kidney failure, neuronal diseases,diabetic retinopathy, and hyperlipidemia.1,2 642million people are globally expected to be affected by DM by the year2040.3