DPP4 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Moreover, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) remained stable throughout the treatment.54 Lo et al. showed that using SGLT2 inhibitors instead of DPP-4 inhibitors led to significantly lower risks of developing acute kidney injury, chronic/end-stage renal disease, hospitalisation, and heart failure.57 A study by Petri et al. involving 45 SLE patients observed that receiving SGLT2 inhibitors contributed to improved urine protein/creatinine ratio and less deterioration in eGFR (Table 4).