Second, genome-wide association studies have indicated that polymorphisms within or near the loci of several genes − such as ABCA1, APOE, CETP and LIPC genes, whose protein products are involved in lipid metabolism − are associated with AMD (Acar et al., 2020; Fritsche et al., 2016; Han et al., 2020). The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is age-related macular degeneration.