Surprisingly, several of the most under-represented proteins in the carcinoma WCLs included proteins involved in cell cycle regulation (CDK2, CDC45) and transcription regulation (SMARCA4, CHAF1B) (Additional file 2), indicating a dysregulation of cell growth and gene expression in carcinoma cells (for associations of cancer studies with proteins listed in Table 1 and Additional file 2, refer to Additional file 3). This evidence concerns the gene CDC45 and cancer.