Recently reviewed by Sun et al., and Choi and Park.96, 97 Exacerbates tubular fibrosis in the kidney.98 Redox protein is involved in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, implicated in inflammasome activation and apoptosis in kidney injury.99 Increased level of TXNIP and nuclear translocation of TXN is associated with end‐stage renal disease.100 Regulates tubular autophagy and mitophagy in DKD through mTOR signalling101. This evidence concerns the gene TXN and diabetic kidney disease.