To test our hypothesis that intranasal vaccination would produce higher levels of protective anti-Spike T-cell responses at the site of the initial infection, we measured both the humoral and cellular immune responses generated by VSV-Spike-mIFNß and SC-Ad-Spike 14 days after administration either IN or intramuscularly (IM) in hACE2-transgenic mice (Figure 2A). Here, CHMP5 is linked to infection.