Individuals with concomitant aTB and HIV infection demonstrated the highest frequency of circulating HLA-E-restricted Mtb-specific CD8+ T cells and revealed an unorthodox phenotype characterized by the secretion of T-helper 2 (Th2)-associated cytokines, cytolysis of HLA-E–Mtb-presenting target cells, and inhibition of intracellular Mtb growth in Mtb-infected macrophages [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19]. Here, HLA-E is linked to HIV infectious disease.