When IL-6 expression was similarly measured, mock infections resulted in low amounts of IL-6 expression (9.7 +/− 1.1 pg/mL) when compared to those of WT (22.0 +/− 3.4 pg/mL; p = 0.004), R77Q (13.9 +/− 3.3 pg/mL; p = 0.02), and Null infections (18.6 +/− 2.7 pg/mL; p = 0.009) (Figure 8B), again suggesting that HIV-1 infection generally activates the expression of IL-6. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and HIV-1 infection.