FAP and papilloma: Although BPV4 was associated with the emergence of papillomas in the upper alimentary tract of cattle, a retrospective survey was conducted using 47 papillomas in the mouth and esophagus of 30 animals with upper digestive canal carcinomas, collected from southern Brazil between 2003 and 2014; PCR assays conducted using both the FAP primer pair and specific primers targeting the BPV4 L1 gene did not reveal BPV DNA in these lesions [34].