SMAD4 and neoplasm: In addition, W. coagulans MZY531 regulates the Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 and JAK2/STAT3 apoptosis pathways and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, as well as TGF-β/SMAD4 autophagy pathways, thereby attenuating tumor growth.