The potential nephroprotective mechanisms of GLP-1 receptor agonists include reduction in oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines via inhibition of protein kinase A and C and NF-κB signaling pathways, reduction in glomerular AH, and regulation of indirect nephrotoxic mediators such as hyperglycemia, AH, obesity, and dyslipidemia [183]. Here, GLP1R is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.