APP and Alzheimer disease: SweAPP N2a cells. These cells were treated with varying concentrations of TA (1.563, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, or 25 μM) for 12 h to evaluate the effects on Aβ production and APP metabolism. Transgenic PSAPP mouse model.These mice were orally administered TA at a concentration of 30 mg/kg/day via gavage for 6 months. The study assessed cognitive function and AD-like pathology in these mice, including behavioral impairments, brain amyloid deposits, and neuroinflammation.