APOB and atherosclerosis: Abnormalities in these factors can lead to lipid metabolism disorders and pathophysiological alterations in related organs, presenting as elevated levels of plasma total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B. These are significant risk factors for conditions such as obesity, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis.