Tumor exosomes isolated from the urine of patients were found to carry genetic information specific for prostate cancer and, as a proof of principle, they were used to detect two PCa mRNA biomarkers, PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG; furthermore, this noninvasive transcriptome analysis was also reported to be informative as to the overall tumor malignancy status [258]. The gene discussed is ERG; the disease is prostate cancer.