TNF and cancer: Studies have shown that ASTX660 combined with TNFα can induce immunogenic cell death through the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by cancer cells, which include the release of high-mobility group 1 proteins (HMGB1) and adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) or CXCL10 from the intracellular environment, as well as the surface exposure of the heat shock proteins HSP70 and HSP90 and the expression of calreticulin (CRT) on the surface of cancer cells.