The protective effects of miRNA-148a-3p, the most enriched miRNA in human breast milk exosomes, on NEC by regulating p53 and SIRT1 were investigated; it was reported that the in vivo use of miRNA-148a-3p agomir had a mitigating effect similar to human breast milk exosomes and also caused epithelial mesenchymal transition and cell proliferation in normal cells [124,130] (Table 3). This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and necrotizing enterocolitis.