VDR and Cowden disease: Four common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) recognized by restriction enzymes have been identified in the VDR gene, including the FokI (rs2228570), BsmI (rs1544410), ApaI (rs7975232), and TaqI (rs731236), and their association with CD risk is still a matter of debate [8,9,10,11,12,13,14].