Biologic therapies targeting key inflammatory pathways involved in viral-induced exacerbations, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in asthma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-1 in COPD, show potential for modulating airway inflammation and reducing respiratory symptoms [183]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.