In relation to the concentration of those immune factors detected in at least 30% of the samples of both groups, the means in the PMS group were higher than in the control group for IL-1β (2.7 ng/L versus 1.0 ng/L), IL-1ra (994 ng/L versus 832 ng/L), IL-10 (4.1 ng/L versus 2.9 ng/L), IL-17 (6.0 ng/L versus 3.6 ng/L), and TNF-α (29 ng/L versus 14 ng/L). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is premenstrual tension.