Autoantibodies against p53, cancer-associated gene protein (CAGE), New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1), SRY-box transcription factor (SOX2), GBU4-5, ELAV-like protein 4 (HuD), and melanoma-associated antigen A4 (MAGE-A4) to assess pulmonary nodule malignancy risk are only a few examples of the available markers detected in the blood-test-based assays used in the early detection of lung cancer [52]. This evidence concerns the gene SOX2 and lung carcinoma.