The levels of asprosin, clusterin, ZAG, NF-κB, and PPAR-γ were compared across the four groups: healthy controls (Group-1), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without complications (Group-2), T2DM patients with microvascular complications (Group-3), and T2DM patients with macrovascular complications (Group-4). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.