LIF and neoplasm: In fact, the study showed that the combined inhibition of LIF/LIFR and the CSF-1R leads to a reduction in tumor cells expressing high levels of SOX9, with a significant decrease in tumor growth, M2 macrophage infiltration along with TAM-mediated immunosuppression, the enhancement of the T cell-mediated response, and a reduction in SOX9-mediated tumor stemness [151].