Treatment with CSF-1 induced the upregulation of the CSF-1R and the significant reduction in CXCL1 expression, supporting the hypothesis that the CSF-1R might regulate cytokine production by CAFs, further proving that these cells influence the recruitment of monocytes and macrophages to tumor sites and modulate PMN-MDSC behavior in the TME [132]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF1R and neoplasm.