Upon the dual inhibition of CSF-1R and TGF-β signaling, this group showed that the proportion of immunosuppressive TAMs decreased, leading to the enhanced efficacy of chemotherapy and the reshaping of the TME, while also increasing the influx of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and effector memory CD8+ cells, ultimately overcoming acquired chemoresistance in CRC [65]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.