Pre-clinical studies in mice demonstrate that the IL-1α propagation of allergic inflammation is mediated by the activation of airway epithelial cells as mice lacking the IL-1R on non-hematopoietic cells fail to mount house dust mite (HDM)-induced Th2 responses and thus do not develop asthma [127], providing evidence that this cytokine is critical in the propagation of the allergic inflammation in asthma. Here, IL1R1 is linked to asthma.