VEGFA and diabetic retinopathy: In addition to TGF-β2, hypoxia-related mechanisms are also known as important factors for the progression of ocular diseases, including ARMD, diabetic retinopathy (DR), ischemic type of retinal-vein occlusion (RVO), and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) [7,8,9], by facilitating the secretion of various antigenic cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).