PGF and neoplasm: Finally, the simultaneous expression of HIF-1, PlGF, VEGFR1, and PD-1 in PCa determines the main features necessary for the establishment of the pre-metastatic niche, such as inflammation, immunosuppression, vascular angiogenesis/permeability, and reprogramming capable of inducing the formation of a supportive microenvironment that allows the colonization of tumor cells in a secondary organ.