LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Among these, the genetic variants of LEPR (K656N), LEP (G2548A- Indian only), ADIPOQ (rs17366568), UCP2 (45bp-I/D), ADRB3 (rs4994), MC3R (Rs3827103), PPARγ (pro12Ala—Malay only), IL1RA (intron 2 VNTR), NFKB1 (rs28362491), and FADS1 (rs174547—Indian only) have been significantly associated with obesity risk in Malaysians.